Plasmonic nanoparticle based nanotechnology plays a pivotal role in the recent advances in biomedical applications. Along with biocompatibility and robust surface chemistry, the tunable optical properties of the visible and near-infrared regions of gold nanoparticles have attracted significant attention for a wide range of biomedical applications such as in vitro biosensing, in vivo imaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on the the recent advances in biomedical applications based on the use of plasmonic nanoparticles, which have been developed to solve the limitations of current technologies in biosensing, bioimaging, therapeutic drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications.